Cemara Education and Science

REKONSTRUKSI PEMBANGUNAN PERADABAN ISLAM PADA PERIODE MADINAH (622–632 M): INTEGRASI SOSIAL, TATA KELOLA POLITIK, EKONOMI, PENDIDIKAN, DAN PERTAHANAN

2026-09-05T14:53:05+00:00

Penelitian ini merekonstruksi pembangunan peradaban Islam pada periode Madinah (622–632 M) melalui pembacaan historis terhadap hijrah, pembentukan institusi sosial, Piagam Madinah, tata kelola politik, pengaturan ekonomi, pendidikan, serta pertahanan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-historis dengan studi kepustakaan dan analisis isi. Sumber utama penelitian berupa makalah yang menjadi bahan awal penelitian, sedangkan sumber sekunder berupa artikel jurnal dan buku berbahasa Indonesia yang relevan dengan tema. Analisis dilakukan melalui identifikasi fakta, pengelompokan temuan ke dalam tema, perbandingan antar-sumber, interpretasi konteks, dan penarikan generalisasi terbatas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan masyarakat Madinah tidak dibangun melalui satu kebijakan tunggal, melainkan melalui rangkaian kebijakan yang saling menguatkan: masjid berfungsi sebagai pusat integrasi, persaudaraan Muhajirin–Anshar menjadi mekanisme kohesi sosial, Piagam Madinah menjadi kerangka hubungan antarkelompok, musyawarah menopang pengambilan keputusan, dan pengaturan ekonomi serta solidaritas sosial memperkuat daya tahan komunitas. Pendidikan berjalan sebagai proses pembentukan karakter yang terhubung langsung dengan kehidupan sosial. Pertahanan tidak berdiri sendiri, tetapi berkaitan dengan perjanjian politik dan tanggung jawab kolektif. State of the art penelitian ini terletak pada pembacaan periode Madinah sebagai satu ekosistem peradaban yang menghubungkan dimensi sosial, politik, ekonomi, pendidikan, dan pertahanan. Gap penelitian ditemukan pada kecenderungan studi sebelumnya yang lebih sering memusatkan analisis pada Piagam Madinah atau satu sektor tertentu. Novelty penelitian ini berupa model rekonstruktif yang menempatkan Piagam Madinah, institusi masjid, ukhuwah, tata kelola, pendidikan, ekonomi, dan pertahanan sebagai satu rangkaian pembangunan peradaban.

A TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL PENDIDIK DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER PESERTA DIDIK

2026-05-30T22:37:07+00:00

The social responsibility of educators is a crucial aspect in education because educators are not only tasked with delivering learning materials but also play a role in shaping the character and social development of students. This study aims to determine the importance of educators' social responsibility in the educational environment. The research method used was a qualitative study with a literature review approach through a review of various scientific journals and relevant literature sources. The results of the study indicate that educators' social responsibility can be realized through a caring attitude, providing role models, fostering discipline, and good communication with students. Previous research also shows that educators with social responsibility are able to create a comfortable learning environment and support the development of student character. Thus, educators' social responsibility is an important foundation for creating meaningful learning and developing students with character, responsibility, and good social awareness.

PERADABAN ISLAM PADA PERIODE KHULAFAUR RASYIDIN (632–661 M): TRANSFORMASI TATA KELOLA, TIPE KEPEMIMPINAN, DAN KONTRIBUSI TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN PERADABAN

2026-09-05T14:54:09+00:00

Periode Khulafaur Rasyidin (632–661 M) merupakan fase transisi ketika komunitas Muslim membangun kembali otoritas politik setelah wafatnya Nabi Muhammad saw. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara mekanisme pergantian kepemimpinan, perkembangan tata kelola pemerintahan, karakter kepemimpinan empat khalifah, dan kontribusinya terhadap pembentukan peradaban Islam. Penelitian menggunakan metode sejarah dengan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif dan studi kepustakaan. Data primer konseptual diperoleh dari Al-Qur’an, hadis, dan karya sejarah Islam, sedangkan data sekunder berasal dari buku dan artikel ilmiah Indonesia yang relevan. Analisis dilakukan melalui heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi, kemudian dibandingkan lintas-periode kepemimpinan Abu Bakar, Umar, Utsman, dan Ali. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa sistem pemerintahan berkembang secara adaptif: dari konsolidasi dan sentralisasi pada masa Abu Bakar, institusionalisasi administrasi pada masa Umar, ekspansi dan standardisasi keagamaan pada masa Utsman, hingga reformasi berbasis keadilan di tengah konflik politik pada masa Ali. Perbedaan gaya kepemimpinan bukan menunjukkan inkonsistensi, tetapi memperlihatkan kemampuan menyesuaikan instrumen pemerintahan dengan persoalan yang dihadapi. Kontribusi terbesar periode ini terletak pada konsolidasi politik, penguatan administrasi dan fiskal, standardisasi mushaf, perluasan jaringan wilayah, serta artikulasi nilai keadilan dan amanah. Kebaruan artikel ini terletak pada pembacaan Khulafaur Rasyidin sebagai proses transformasi tata kelola, bukan sekadar rangkaian biografi dan prestasi individual, sehingga hubungan antara krisis, pilihan kelembagaan, dan keluaran peradaban dapat terlihat secara lebih utuh.

Analysis of Technical Efficiency of Production Factors in Independent Oil Palm Farming in Sekernan District, Muaro Jambi Regency, Indonesia

2026-08-28T01:23:02+00:00

This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of independent oil palm farming, examine the effects of production factors on oil palm production, and evaluate the technical efficiency of independent oil palm farming in Sekernan District, Muaro Jambi Regency, Indonesia. The study employed a survey method involving 95 independent oil palm farmers as respondents. Both primary and secondary data were utilized in this research. The production function was estimated using the Cobb-Douglas production function with the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) approach, while technical efficiency was analyzed using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) with the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method. The production factors examined included land area, labor, NPK fertilizer, urea fertilizer, herbicide, and plant age. The results revealed that independent oil palm farming in the study area is managed independently by smallholder farmers, although the utilization of production inputs has not yet been fully optimized. Partially, NPK fertilizer, herbicide, and plant age had a significant positive effect on oil palm production, whereas land area, labor, and urea fertilizer did not significantly affect production. The average technical efficiency score was 0.8858 (88.58%), indicating that independent oil palm farming had achieved a relatively high level of technical efficiency. However, there remains an opportunity to improve technical efficiency by approximately 11.42% through better allocation and utilization of production inputs. These findings provide empirical evidence that improving input management can enhance both productivity and technical efficiency, thereby supporting the sustainable development of independent oil palm farming.

MANFAAT PERAN ANALISIS STATISTIKA DALAM TRANSFORMASI MASYARAKAT MODERN

2026-08-28T01:24:49+00:00

Transformasi masyarakat modern ditandai dengan meningkatnya penggunaan data dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan. Analisis statistik berperan penting dalam mengolah data menjadi informasi yang akurat dan relevan untuk mendukung pengambilan keputusan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan manfaat peran analisis statistik dalam berbagai bidang, seperti ekonomi, pendidikan, kesehatan, dan teknologi. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan menganalisis berbagai sumber ilmiah terkait dengan analisis statistika dan transformasi masyarakat modern. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa analisis statistika berkontribusi dalam mengidentifikasi pola dan tren ekonomi, mengevaluasi proses pembelajaran, menganalisis penyebaran penyakit, memahami fenomena sosial, serta mendukung pengembangan teknologi berbasis data. Oleh karena itu, analisis statistika menjadi salah satu komponen penting dalam mewujudkan masyarakat modern yang berbasis data (data-driven society) dan mendukung pengambilan keputusan yang lebih efektif dan efisien.

PIAGAM MADINAH DAN PEMBENTUKAN PERADABAN ISLAM: REKONSTRUKSI TATANAN SOSIAL, POLITIK, EKONOMI, DAN KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT PADA 622–632 M

2026-09-05T15:34:37+00:00

Penelitian ini menganalisis proses pembangunan peradaban Islam pada periode Madinah (622–632 M) dengan menempatkan hijrah sebagai titik awal transformasi sosial dan menelusuri keterkaitan antara integrasi sosial, pembentukan tata kelola politik, pengaturan ekonomi, pendidikan, serta pertahanan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-historis berbasis studi kepustakaan. Sumber primer dan sekunder ditelaah secara kritis, diklasifikasikan menurut tema, kemudian dibandingkan untuk memperoleh pola hubungan antarkebijakan dan perubahan sosial. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan pembentukan masyarakat Madinah tidak berdiri pada satu kebijakan tunggal, tetapi pada rangkaian kebijakan yang saling memperkuat: pembangunan Masjid Nabawi sebagai simpul aktivitas, persaudaraan Muhajirin–Anshar sebagai mekanisme integrasi sosial, Piagam Madinah sebagai kerangka hubungan antarkelompok, musyawarah sebagai pola pengambilan keputusan, pembentukan pasar dan instrumen distribusi sebagai penguatan ekonomi, pengembangan masjid dan al-Suffah sebagai ruang pendidikan, serta kombinasi pertahanan dan diplomasi untuk menjaga keberlangsungan komunitas. State of the art penelitian terdahulu cenderung mengkaji unsur-unsur tersebut secara sektoral; penelitian ini menawarkan novelty berupa rekonstruksi integratif yang membaca kebijakan sosial, politik, ekonomi, pendidikan, dan pertahanan sebagai satu arsitektur pembangunan peradaban. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan masyarakat Madinah terutama dibangun melalui keterhubungan antara legitimasi nilai, institusi, solidaritas sosial, dan kapasitas adaptasi terhadap ancaman.

THE INFLUENCE OF ABRAHAM MASLOW'S MOTIVATION THEORY ON STUDENT LEARNING MOTIVATION IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM AT UIN SUMATERA UTARA SEMESTER II

2026-08-28T01:20:47+00:00

Learning motivation is one of the factors that plays an important role in determining student success in the learning process. A high level of motivation can encourage students to learn actively, improve academic achievement, and develop their potential optimally. This study aims to analyze the influence of Abraham Maslow's motivation theory on the learning motivation of students in the English Language Education Study Program (TBI) UIN North Sumatra Semester II. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques in the form of observation and interviews with students. The analysis was carried out based on Abraham Maslow's five hierarchies of needs, namely physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. The results of the study show that these five needs have an influence on student learning motivation. The need for self-actualization is the most dominant factor because it is related to students' academic goals and aspirations in the future. Therefore, fulfilling students' needs comprehensively can be one strategy to increase learning motivation in the higher education environment.

TIGA KERAJAAN BESAR ISLAM DAN TRANSFORMASI KEKUASAAN: TURKI USMANI, SAFAWI, DAN MUGAL DARI KONSOLIDASI IMPERIUM HINGGA TATANAN MODERN

2026-09-05T14:53:36+00:00

Artikel ini menganalisis tiga kerajaan besar Islam Turki Usmani, Safawi, dan Mughal dengan menempatkan konsolidasi kekuasaan, kebijakan pemerintahan, identitas keagamaan, pengelolaan masyarakat, dan transformasi politik sebagai rangkaian proses yang saling berkaitan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan historis-kualitatif dengan studi kepustakaan dan analisis dokumen. Makalah kelompok yang menjadi sumber awal dikaji kembali dan dibandingkan dengan 25 rujukan Indonesia yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga pola konsolidasi yang dominan: Usmani melalui kombinasi militer dan birokrasi, Safawi melalui institusionalisasi identitas Syiah yang diperkuat reformasi negara, dan Mughal melalui integrasi elite serta pengelolaan masyarakat plural. Kemunduran ketiganya terjadi melalui kombinasi faktor internal dan eksternal, terutama persoalan suksesi, melemahnya administrasi, beban fiskal, konflik sosial, perubahan teknologi militer, dan tekanan kolonial. Warisan ketiga kerajaan berlanjut dalam transformasi politik Turki, keberlanjutan identitas keagamaan Iran, dan dinamika politik Asia Selatan. Artikel menawarkan pembacaan komparatif yang menghubungkan strategi konsolidasi dengan daya tahan dan kemampuan adaptasi institusi.

THE IMPORTANCE OF AUTONOMY IN MEANINGFUL LEARNING WITH FAMILY ENGAGEMENT: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS IN SCOPUS USING PRISMA

2026-08-28T01:22:39+00:00

The aim of this study was to analyse the scientific literature on children’s autonomy and family engagement in meaningful learning within the Early Childhood Family Care Service (SAFPI) programme. A quantitative, bibliometric and descriptive study was conducted through a systematic review of documents indexed in the Scopus database. The analysis identified trends in publications, the main countries producing research, the predominant document types and the thematic areas related to the subject. The results show a sustained growth in scientific output between 2022 and 2025, with research predominantly originating from the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada. Furthermore, scientific articles constitute the main means of dissemination, and the fields of medicine, social sciences and psychology accounted for the largest number of publications. The evidence reviewed highlights that family involvement promotes the development of autonomy, meaningful learning and the holistic development of children, particularly when there is constant communication and collaboration between the family and teachers. It is concluded that, although scientific output on this topic continues to increase, research gaps still exist, particularly in Latin America; therefore, further empirical studies are required empirical evidence to strengthen educational practices and family involvement.

The Role of Professional Ethics Education in Influencing the Relationship Between Accounting Students' Perceptions and the Prevention of Violations of the Accountants' Code of Ethics

2026-08-28T01:24:03+00:00

This study aims to analyze the influence of accounting students’ perceptions on the prevention of violations of the accountant code of ethics and to examine the role of professional ethics education as a moderating variable. A quantitative survey approach was employed. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to accounting students at Teuku Umar University through both online and direct distribution. A total of 126 student responses were included in the analysis. The study variables consisted of accounting students’ perceptions, prevention of accountant code-of-ethics violations, and professional ethics education. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) to examine the effect of students’ perceptions and the strengthening role of professional ethics education. The findings indicate that accounting students’ perceptions have a positive and significant effect on the prevention of accountant code-of-ethics violations. Descriptively, 82% of respondents supported preventive measures and rejected ethical violations, while 18% still showed some tolerance associated with ethical dilemmas and external pressure. Professional ethics education strengthened the relationship between students’ perceptions and prevention. These findings indicate that ethical perception formation in higher education should not stop at understanding ethical norms, but should be translated into the ability to recognize risks, evaluate dilemmas, and choose actions consistent with professional integrity. The study implies the need for applied ethics learning through case studies, decision-making simulations, and discussion of professional pressure situations.

ETIKA PROFESI GURU DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER RELIGIUS PESERTA DIDIK

2026-08-28T01:25:29+00:00

This study aims to analyze the role of teachers’ professional ethics in shaping students' religious character within the school environment. The research employed a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews with teachers as the primary informants. The findings indicate that the implementation of professional ethics, reflected in exemplary behavior, responsibility, discipline, honesty, and commitment to educational duties, has a positive influence on the development of students' religious character. Teachers apply various character-building efforts, including religious habituation activities, moral guidance, reinforcement of ethical values, and continuous mentoring during learning activities and daily school life. In addition, a harmonious relationship between teachers and students contributes to the creation of a learning envirbonment that supports the development of religious attitudes. The exemplary conduct demonstrated by teachers enables students to better understand and practice religious values in their everyday behavior. Therefore, teachers’ professional ethics play a significant role in shaping students' religious character and in fostering an educational environment characterized by strong moral and religious values.

Keywords: teachers’ professional ethics, religious character, students, role modeling, character education, religious values.